Which sanctions may a court impose under FRCP 37 for discovery violations?

• A. Monetary penalties, adverse inference, or dismissal or default entry
• B. Only monetary penalties
• C. Dismissal only
• D. No sanctions are available

Answer: (A)

Sanctions for discovery violations under FRCP 37 cover a broad range designed to enforce compliance and remedy prejudice. A court may impose monetary penalties to cover the other side’s costs and attorney’s fees caused by the violation. It may also issue an adverse-inference instruction, telling the jury or fact-finder that certain facts are deemed established because relevant evidence was not produced. If the violation is serious or repeated, the court can dismiss the case or enter a default against the noncompliant party. Courts can tailor sanctions to the misconduct and may combine these options as appropriate. That’s why the correct choice includes all three types: monetary penalties, adverse inferences, and dismissal or default.